Highway Code: the hierarchy of road users, explained

Major changes to the Highway Code came into force on 29 January 2022. They're now part of the theory test and the practical test, so every learner needs to know them.

#The hierarchy of road users

The Highway Code now ranks road users by how much harm they could cause. Those who can do the greatest harm have the greatest responsibility to reduce the danger they pose to others.

Pedestrians come first, then cyclists, horse riders and motorcyclists, then cars, vans, and finally large vehicles like buses and lorries. As a driver, you have more responsibility than the people walking and cycling around you.

#Giving way at junctions

When you're turning into or out of a side road, you should give way to pedestrians crossing or waiting to cross the road you're turning into or from.

You should also give way to pedestrians waiting to cross at a zebra crossing, and to pedestrians and cyclists waiting to cross a parallel crossing.

#Passing cyclists and horse riders

When overtaking, leave at least:

• 1.5 metres when passing people cycling at speeds of up to 30mph, and more at higher speeds
• 2 metres at speeds under 10mph when passing horse riders or horse-drawn vehicles
• 2 metres when passing pedestrians walking in the road (where there's no pavement)

If you can't leave enough space, wait behind until you can.

#Cyclists' road positions

People cycling may ride in the centre of their lane on quiet roads, in slow traffic and when approaching junctions, to make themselves clearly visible. They can also ride two abreast. Be patient and pass when it's safe.

#The "Dutch reach"

When you open a car door, the Code recommends using the hand on the opposite side to the door. It makes you turn your body, so you look over your shoulder for cyclists and pedestrians before opening it.

#Read the full changes

Read the Highway Code on GOV.UK